槲皮素在制备预防及治疗与ApoE蛋白水平有关疾病的药物中的应用

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槲皮素在制备预防及治疗与ApoE蛋白水平有关疾病的药物中的应用
【技术领域】
[0001]本发明涉及槲皮素,尤其是涉及槲皮素在制备预防及治疗与ApoE蛋白水平有关疾病的药物中的应用。
【背景技术】
[0002]阿尔茨海默病(alzheimer s disease, AD)是一种与年龄密切相关的神经退行性疾病,主要病理特征为脑神经细胞外出现淀粉样蛋白(Αβ)聚集的老年斑和脑神经细胞内Tau蛋白异常聚集形成的神经纤维缠结。大量证据表明,Αβ在大脑中的积累、沉积是AD发病早期重要特征和发病机制。Αβ的积累、聚集和沉积在AD发病过程中起着重要作用,大脑中过量的Αβ会引起神经炎症和神经毒性从而引发AD。因此,促进Αβ从大脑中清除,减少Αβ在大脑中积累是治疗AD的有效途径。载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)是一种与胆固醇类物质运输相关的血浆蛋白,能结合血液中的脂肪和细胞表面受体,在生物体内起着十分重要的作用。ApoE是一种多态性蛋白,与多种疾病相关。其中,ApoE的基因型多态性与AD的发病风险高度相关,并且ApoE在Αβ代谢过程中起重要作用。增加AD大脑内ApoE水平可以促进大脑Aβ清除,提高胆固醇的运输,维持突触可塑性和减弱神经炎症反应,这些因素与AD发病密切相关。在AD患者中,ApoE在血浆及脑脊液中的表达水平往往低于正常人。因此,通过提高ApoE的水平促进Αβ代谢、提高胆固醇的运输、维持突触可塑性和减弱神经炎症反应可能预防或推迟AD的发生和发展。最近研究发现RXRs的激动剂bexarotene和LXRs激动剂Τ0901317能提高大脑中ApoE的水平,促进Αβ42的清除,缓和AD小鼠的认知和记忆缺陷[13—15]。另外,P1glitazone(—种PPARy的激动剂),也可以增加ApoE表达,减少淀粉样斑的形成,改善AD小鼠记忆[9]。这些研究表明,提高ApoE的表达水平与脂化程度可以有效促进Αβ清除,减少AD模型小鼠淀粉样斑形成并改善小鼠AD相关症状,对以ApoE作为AD治疗靶点具有重要的指导意义。
[0003]实验中所用ApoE3或apoE4基因替换星形胶质细胞系(immortalized astrocytes)来源于人类ApoE3或apoE4基因替换小鼠Apoe基因的转基因小鼠转基因小鼠模型为表达5种家族性AD突变基因(3xAPP[K670N/M671L(Swedish) + I716V(Florida)+V717I(London)and 2xPSl [M146L+L286V]])的转基因小鼠模型[17]。实验中分别用TBS缓冲液(Tris-HCl), TBSX缓冲液(包含1 % Triton X-100)和⑶N-HC1 (含5M盐酸胍缓冲液)分别提取TBS可溶性,TBSX缓冲液可溶和不溶性(GDN-HC1中可溶)Αβ[18]。
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