基于离子型铱配合物电致化学发光-电聚合分子印迹识别检测可待因的新型方法

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基于离子型铱配合物电致化学发光-电聚合分子印迹识别检测可待因的新型方法
【技术领域】
[0001]本发明公开了一种基于离子型铱配合物电致化学发光-电聚合分子印迹识别的可待因新型检测方法,涉及材料学、光化学、电化学等领域。
【背景技术】
[0002]可待因,又称磷酸甲基吗啡。在病理和生理方面得到广泛的应用,如治愈咳嗽、镇静、缓解疼痛;但又被列入毒品的范畴,是查禁的重要对象。对该物质常用的检测方法有气相色谱-紫外可见联用、气相色谱-质谱联用、高效液相-质谱联用法,但这些分析方法检测水平局限于微摩尔级别[1—4],而且仪器庞大,耗时较长,在某些方面使用受到限制。近来,陈曦课题组用电化学发光法检测可待因,检测限可达到5.0X10—9H1l.L—1[5]。
[0003]早在上世纪七十年代电化学发光发展的初期,三联吡啶钌体系一直是人们的研究热点[6—7],但由于应用在水溶液体系中,浪费试剂,价格昂贵。人们便另辟蹊径,将三联吡啶钌固定化制得电化学发光传感器[8—1()]。又因三联吡啶钌易溶于水,固定化中容易脱落,则用金属铱配合物取而代之。金属铱配合物与钌配合物化学性质相似,其不溶于水,发光效率较高,在电化学发光中具有潜在的应用价值。Bae YJ等人利用硅纳米粒子包埋技术将铱配合物固定在ITO电极表面[11]。董永平等人利用离子交换技术将铱配合物和Naf1n制成复合膜材料对电极进行修饰,该电极成功用于检测水溶液中的草酸根离子[12]。将铱配合物固定化具有广泛的应用前景。
[0004]仅仅将铱配合物固定化制备的传感器灵敏度高,重现性佳,但选择性略微不足。分子印迹技术可以提供分析方法的特异性,除去印迹分子,生成具有与印迹分子大小、形状、结构相匹配的空穴,因此可以有选择性地识别印迹分子。以其显著的特点,分子印迹技术现已广泛用于化学传感器、生物传感器和分离技术等方面[13—15]。因此,将电致化学发光与分子印迹技术联合使用可以消除背景干扰,提高传感器的灵敏度和选择性。分子印迹技术最重要的步骤就是制备分子印迹膜,目前的方法有原位引发聚合法、电化学聚合法、涂附法、自组装法[16—18]。电聚合法具有耗时短,直接成膜的优点,而且电聚合的时间长短、电压、电流参数可以控制成膜的厚度,实现成膜的可控性。
[0005]本发明首次基于离子型铱配合物电致化学发光和可待因分子印迹识别两种技术联用检测可待因,灵敏度较高,选择性好,在1.0 X 10—n-5.0 X 10—9H1l.L—1有很好的线性,线性方程为Iecl=I1.211og C+127.98,r = 0.9962,检出限达到9.23 X 10—12mol.L—HS/N =3)0
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【发明内容】

[0025]本发明的目的是提供一种基于电致化学发光-分子印迹识别技术联用快速检测可待因的新型方法。该方法具有低检测限、较高灵敏度和选择性。其特征在于:
[0026]首先制备第一层,将一定量的Naf1n溶液、多壁碳纳米管、离子型铱配合物按比例加入到SOOuL异丙醇中用混旋仪搅匀,取少量以上分散液滴涂于裸玻碳电极表面,室温干燥111,待电极自然瞭干即可制得[(^9-0013)211'((1(^7)]+??6—/]\^01'/似:[>;!_011电致化学发光电极。
[0027]其次,在制备好的第一层基础上,采用电聚合方法将溶胶-凝胶膜聚合到电极表面,溶胶混合液由75uL苯基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMOS)、75uL四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)、700uL H2O,IlOOyL无水乙醇、50yL HC1(1.0X 10—Vol.L—O组成,超声两小时后加入模板分子可待因溶液50yL(l.0 X 10—Vol.L—O,超声
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