获得视网膜祖细胞、视网膜色素上皮细胞和神经视网膜细胞的方法_5

文档序号:9731592阅读:来源:国知局
R样结构中的光感受器前体的比例,其中CRX+细胞增加了两倍。使用Notch抑 制剂DAPT处理一周,确实足以诱导大部分RPC退出细胞周期,这允许在35天之后,生成约 40 %的表达视锥前体标记物的CRX+光感受器前体。这种策略对于有效生成具有治疗应用的 细胞是有利的。NR样结构不内陷形成双层杯,如Nakano et al. (2012)使用hESC在EBs/基质 胶-依赖的方案中所完美报道的那样。hiPSC来源的结构直至第21天还维持层状构造,并且 随后在中央区域中发育出含有光感受器样细胞的玫瑰结,被具有视网膜内核层-特异性特 征的细胞和RGC细胞围绕。但是,生成成熟且分层的NR组织并不是未来基于纯化的光感受器 前体或其他视网膜来源的细胞的细胞疗法策略所必需的。在本上下文中,本方案允许在42 天内生成用于移植的有前途的候选物,即CD73+光感受器前体。这样的前体之前已经进行了 纯化,并且被成功移植在小鼠的视网膜中(Eberle et al. ,2011)。组合NOTCH抑制和⑶73选 择的可能性,使得能够分离大量可移植的细胞,从而有希望替代视网膜营养不良中的退化 的光感受器。从NR样结构产生RGC的能力在治疗青光眼中具有重要的意义。除了生成视网膜 神经元之外,本方案同时允许生成RPE细胞(hiRPE),该RPE细胞(hiRPE)可容易地进行传代 和扩增,同时保持它们的表型,接近它们的体内状态。本方案由此具有快速生成hiRPE细胞 库的很大的可能性,用于未来治疗AMD和其它RPE相关的疾病。
[0112]以维持临床等级为目标,发明人通过游离体重编程生成了hiPSC,因为使用慢病毒 载体具有基因毒性的风险。自体滋养层可用于维持hiPSC;无异源体系和无滋养层体系对于 再生治疗将是优选的。从药理学角度看,hiPSC提供了有价值的潜力,以在药物发现的第一 过程中描绘出新的化合物。hiPS来源的RPC和RPE细胞的增殖能力能确保新的细胞工具的发 育,用于以鉴定出为了视网膜营养不良的未来治疗的特异性活性化合物为目标,进行基于 表型和靶标的高通量筛选。
[0113]该新的方案提供了可容易改变规模的途径,以生成大量的RPE细胞和多能性RPC, 而且该新的方案消除了通常使hiPSC分化成特定的视网膜谱系对耗时和劳动密集型手动步 骤的需要。因此,在相对短的时段中,本文描述的方法产生了光感受器前体或RGC的来源,有 希望产生了一种再生药剂和药品测试/药物筛选的新途径。这种使用hiPSC的策略还提供了 研究构成人类视网膜发育的基础的分子和细胞机制的时机,并且推进了人类视网膜退行性 疾病的体外模型的发展。
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